BEIRUT: Syria faced growing economic sanctions and condemnation over “gross human rights violations” Monday, but President Bashar Assad showed no sign of buckling under international pressure to end his military crackdown on popular unrest.

State television broadcast pro-Assad rallies “supporting national unity and rejecting foreign interference,” after the Arab League’s sanctions Sunday.

The EU weighed in one day later, further tightening the financial screws on Damascus for its “brutality and unwillingness to change course.”

Assad’s Foreign Minister Walid al-Moallem hit back, lambasting the Arab League for “a declaration of economic war” that he said had closed the door to resolving the crisis.

“Sanctions are a two-way street,” Moallem told a televised news conference. “I am not warning here, but we will defend the interests of our people.”

In Geneva, a U.N. commission of inquiry said Syrian military and security forces had committed crimes against humanity including murder, torture and rape, for which Assad and his government bore direct responsibility.

It demanded an end to “gross human rights violations” and the release of those rounded up in mass arrests since March by Syrian forces quashing pro-democracy demonstrations.

Syria’s close trading partners Lebanon and Iraq rejected the Arab League measures, whose economic impact could be less severe than intended, analysts said.

The Arab League meanwhile appealed once more to Damascus, offering “a review of all of the measures” if Syria dropped its opposition to an Arab plan to end the crackdown.

Anti-Assad activists in Syria said Sunday that security forces had killed at least 24 civilians, many in a town north of Damascus that has become a focus for the protests. Others were killed in raids on towns in the province of Homs, they said.

In an apparent political concession, which protesters have been demanding for months, Moallem said Syria planned to drop a constitutional clause which designates Assad”s Baath Party as the leading party.

The revised constitution foresees “multi-party” politics with “no place for discrimination between parties,” he said.

The Arab League sanctions hit banking, finance, investment and official travel but stop short of a full trade embargo.

“The sanctions are still economic but if there is no movement on the part of Syria then we have a responsibility as human beings to stop the killings,” said Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim al-Thani of Qatar, the League’s point man on Syria.

“Power is not worth anything when a ruler kills his people.”

The president of the Union of Arab Banks, a division of the Arab League, said the sanctions would hit Syria’s central bank, which has “big deposits” in the region, especially the Gulf.

Moallem said 95 percent of the targeted money had already been withdrawn beyond the reach of sanctions.

British Foreign Secretary William Hague said the Arab League sanctions demonstrate that “the regime’s repeated failure to deliver on its promises will not be ignored.”

France said it wanted Syria’s powerful and critical neighbor Turkey to join an EU foreign ministers’ conference to discuss further measures. Paris has proposed a secure humanitarian corridor linking Syria to Turkey.

One Western diplomat said Assad could, for now, count on support from China and Russia at the United Nations. But that may change position if he intensifies the crackdown and if the Arab League campaigns for international intervention.

China and Russia have oil concessions in Syria. Moscow also has a naval repair base on Syria’s Mediterranean coast and announced Monday that it was sending warships there, in an apparent display of determination to defend its interests.